CLA is an intermediate in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid, and a portion of the CLA in milk fat arises from CLA that has escaped complete rumen biohydrogenation. Milk and other dairy products are good sources of CLA ( Parodi 1997) because of the biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids by rumen bacteria. Further studies will be conducted to investigate other attributes of this novel dairy product.Ĭonjugated linoleic acid, butter fat, mammary gland morphogenesis, mammary cancer prevention, tissue CLA isomers, ratsĬonjugated linoleic acid (CLA) 3 is a term that refers to a collection of positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acid with conjugated double bonds. We hypothesize that the availability of vaccenic acid ( t11–18:1) in butter fat may serve as the precursor for the endogenous synthesis of CLA via the Δ9-desaturase reaction.
12 COLUMN DESIGN PHOTOSHOP 5.1 FREE
Rats consuming the CLA-enriched butter fat also consistently accumulated more total CLA in the mammary gland and other tissues (four- to sixfold increases) compared with those consuming free fatty acid CLA (threefold increases) at the same dietary level of intake. Interestingly, there appeared to be some selectivity in the uptake or incorporation of c9, t11-CLA over t10, c12-CLA in the tissues of rats given the mixture of CLA isomers. Furthermore, all of the above variables responded with the same magnitude of change to both butter fat CLA and the mixture of CLA isomers at the level of CLA (0.8%) present in the diet.
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Feeding butter fat CLA to rats during the time of pubescent mammary gland development reduced mammary epithelial mass by 22%, decreased the size of the TEB population by 30%, suppressed the proliferation of TEB cells by 30% and inhibited mammary tumor yield by 53% ( P < 0.05). It should be noted that TEB cells are the target cells for mammary chemical carcinogenesis. The following four different endpoints were evaluated in rat mammary gland: 1) digitized image analysis of epithelial mass in mammary whole mount 2) terminal end bud (TEB) density 3) proliferative activity of TEB cells as determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and 4) mammary cancer prevention bioassay in the methylnitrosourea model.
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The objective of this study was to determine whether a high CLA butter fat has biological activities similar to those of the mixture of free fatty acid CLA isomers. To date, all of the in vivo work with CLA has been done with a commercial free fatty acid preparation containing a mixture of c9, t11-, t10, c12- and c11, t13-isomers, although CLA in food is predominantly (80–90%) the c9, t11-isomer present in triacylglycerols. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent cancer preventive agent in animal models.